The popularity of e-bikes continues to grow across the UK, driven by their convenience, environmental benefits, and efficiency. However, this rise in usage also brings increased attention to the safety risks associated with lithium-ion batteries.
While the overall fire risk from e-bikes remains relatively low compared to other vehicles, incidents tend to involve modified units or those with substandard components. Fires are significantly more likely when low-quality or incompatible batteries and chargers are used.
Recent research highlights that while lithium-ion batteries are efficient and widely adopted, they also pose risks, especially when safety standards are not followed. Poor manufacturing, improper usage, and inadequate safety protocols are the leading contributors to these hazards. The report recommends enhanced regulatory oversight and a more proactive approach to risk management across the industry.
Understanding the Risks
Lithium-ion batteries are the preferred power source for e-bikes due to their high energy density and lightweight nature. However, certain conditions can lead to thermal runaway—a dangerous chain reaction where an overheated cell causes surrounding cells to overheat, potentially resulting in fire or explosion.
Key risks identified in the OPSS (Office for Product Safety and Standards) report include:
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Overheating and Thermal Runaway – A single overheated cell can trigger a rapid chain reaction.
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Fire and Explosion Risks – Non-compliant or poorly regulated batteries are far more prone to combustion.
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Incompatible or Counterfeit Components – Many incidents involve consumers unintentionally using unsafe third-party chargers or batteries.
The OPSS highlighted that most Personal Light Electric Vehicle (PLEV) fires occur indoors, posing direct threats to homes and businesses. Data from the London Fire Brigade revealed a concerning trend: e-bike battery fires rose from just 2 incidents in 2017 to at least 178 in 2023.
Best Practices for Risk Management
For businesses involved in the sale, rental, servicing, or storage of e-bikes, these findings underline the importance of a proactive approach to safety. These include:
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Conduct Regular Risk Assessments
Identify potential fire hazards, and implement safe charging, handling, and disposal procedures. -
Verify Suppliers and Ensure Compliance
Work exclusively with reputable manufacturers that meet UK and international safety standards. -
Educate Employees and Consumers
Provide training on proper charging practices, storage protocols, and emergency response procedures. -
Strengthen Fire Safety Measures
Equip facilities with fire suppression systems and use fire-resistant storage for batteries.
A Proactive Approach Is Essential
The risks associated with lithium-ion batteries in e-bikes are serious but manageable. Through cooperation between businesses, insurers, regulators, and consumers, the industry can promote safer practices, enforce compliance, and offer clear guidance to prevent future incidents.
By taking these steps, you can support the continued growth of e-bikes while safeguarding lives, properties, and reputations.
The information provided in this article has been provided by RiskSTOP.
